Internet has now become a popular destination, in the 1969 on the establishment, mainly used for academic research network, even in 1990 Clinton made the information highway initiatives did not pay sufficient attention. Only 93 will be an explosive development, all this is thanks to the popular WWW network, a GUI browser Mosaic, the Internet finally took off, This revolution is one of ignition : Mosaic inventors, Netscape co-founder of Netscape’s Marc Andreessen.

Fledglings, applause
Marc was born in Wisconsin, a small town ordinary family, the father was a seed vendors, the mother of agricultural products salesman. From the nine-year-old came into contact with computers in the library of self – Basic language.

Marc Reading to University of Illinois (Illinois) University, started in the school’s national Supercomputing Center (NCSA). ICC looks at Super 6.85 U.S. dollars an hour working very well. But Marc found work very disappointed, Mainframe is facing an uncertain future. More and more researchers began to use the DEC and SGI workstations, and stopped using Mainframe time-sharing operation. Although the NCSA work boring, but right here Marc is very familiar with the Internet. Then the Internet mainly for academic institutions, University of Illinois and more than 1,000 academic institutions linked together, connecting with the use of certain agreements, If SMTP mail transfer protocol, FTP, IRC, NNTP other. These agreements make Internet resources are very rich, but most difficult to use, the vast majority of Unix-based software system, Unix than Windows, Dos to a much older operating systems, a very strong function, which is widely used in schools and banks, Airlines and other commercial institutions, but Unix operating needs of professional and skilled. An introduction to the internet network time academic, international, completely free of charge. Nobody has the Internet, nobody via the Internet to make money. Internet software are all free of charge, software development or people who are out of good intentions, or for the fame, or subsidized by the state. 90 Switzerland, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web network WWW network is mainly composed of two parts, one is for Web services (Web Server) release the information. a browser (Browser) access to information. Users can easily browse documents, regardless of the file in RAID computer, This is the hyperlinks technology (Hypertext). Early WWW network only text, not images. voice, no color, nor similar to the Windows interface Lee browser is the Next computer development. The second half of 1992, Marc has been very familiar with the Internet, He feels WWW network with more interesting graphics, it is very natural idea. But Marc became a gold truths. He and NCSA colleague Eric Bina work together, Bina mainly responsible for programming, Marc responsible for the design and ideas, their cooperation (excellent programmers and project managers) are very successful, After six weeks of hard work, work for three to four days, lying during the day, then dry. Finally in January 1993 has borne fruit : Unix version of the Mosaic browser.

Marc network to the World Wide Web hypertext language (HTML) adds some new features, in particular can show images Mosaic is designed to provide users conveniently browse the contents of the WWW network. Mosaic was immediately successful. Less than a few weeks, users all over the world downloaded hundreds of thousands of copies, the Web site service for the number dizzying growth. Mosaic WWW network given great vitality, people suddenly found WWW net issuance and exchange of information in the most convenient place. And the traditional print publishing industry, the WWW is real-time, low cost, document to the world, a place anyone at almost zero cost. WWW most powerful network is efficient, Let users’ widening ‘(pull) information, rather than information’ push ‘(push) to them.

Mosaic used the very satisfactory, but some people worry that the WWW network will bring new faces trouble Although ‘plan is better than a 1000 words,’ but the images than the words for a lot of space, People are worried that too many pictures will lead to network plug. Tim Berners-Lee is one of them, Marc recalls : “Because I add image format, Tim gave me a meal. Tim and I, he from the academic, not from the practical application point of view, he browsers run on the Next computer, Almost no one use. Images of him no significance to us, can seem content and using it for something better. ” Marc convened a voluntary programmers quickly developed a PC and Mac version of Mosaic. Internet make preparations for the take-off.

Mosaic’s development is irresistible and that more and more people use the WWW network, WWW network information providers more more information to attract more users, this virtuous cycle of development in the telephone, fax, television has happened before. Compared phones, WWW network conditions for the development of a more sophisticated, computer in the office and the family has been very common. 93 summer convening of the first session of the General Assembly WWW network development, Marc became the most watched stars. His success attracted the attention of the management of NCSA, “the popular Mosaic, They seem to simply does not exist. “Now they have developed a new functional requirements and 40 or 50 people to discuss, development of the Mac version Aleks suddenly found March 4, and he started to work together, it seems he is the boss, directing him how to go about it. In November 1993, a front-page report in The New York Times and the Mosaic WWW network But Marc silent and Bina. Marc is no longer responsible for the Mosaic project. He was very peaceful, in December he was computer degree, left the NCSA. As an ordinary college graduates went to the Silicon Valley.


Godsend

SGI’s founder Jim Clark hope to develop the information superhighway and related products, particularly interactive television, but the Board does not agree, Clark left SGI prepared fresh start He invited friends Bill Fosee identify some technical staff, Foss?? used Mosaic, He never seen Marc, but he believed that Marc is a suitable candidate, He gave Clark demonstrated Mosaic, which is the first contact Clark WWW network He immediately issued a Marc E-mail, “You may not know who I am. But I SGI is the founder …. ” Marc certainly know who he is, In NCSA work he is SGI workstation, Marc and Clark discuss Clark’s business plan to do the Nintendo online games, This is a good direction, but perhaps a few years can profit. I did not want to start building and Mosaic related to the cause, but after careful consideration, Marc would like to clear the Internet companies to develop business models : “can be made to the company various permits, internal use, such as business applications … “,” No person from the Internet to make money, ” Marc this is the answer to “Who sold the first telephone, who buy it, you must call to whom. ‘cars Now highways’ things is the case. “Clark Marc listened carefully to the thoughts and said” OK, I will invest for you. I do not know how we make money, but I will invest, we can find ways to make money. growth in the market so soon will be able to make money. “Marc convened his NCSA colleagues, Jim and everyone has talked about half an hour, out of every person to receive a salary and shares. Set up a new company, named Mosaic Communications. The establishment of the following day, the world’s largest software company, Microsoft held its one of the Internet’s high-level meeting to discuss a 300-page report on the Internet.


Go all out to do the best

Mosaic small office space, but programmers have high morale. They began to completely rewrite all browser code, which is out of Clark adherence. Mosaic is the use of university funds and equipment development, the copyright belongs to the University, Some companies buy from the University of Mosaic code permits. They are not worried about the opponent and development staff, said : “We NCSA or when students do not consider the development of quality, just think about how to be more interesting. Stability and performance now be a priority. ” What is more important now is a very experienced project managers. Marc attention to the company’s development strategy, he is the title of vice president of technology. programmers do not want to report to him their daily work. “He is not an experienced manager, he always has a lot of wonderful ideas that can catch focused But programmers and management of day-to-day work of different capacities. “Marc’s successor from SGI. Clark directly from SGI dug people, but people who are willing to follow him. In addition to the technical staff, to have the public relations manager of SGI Rosaanne Siino President. Marc is confused why the company now needs public relations, Jim said to him : “Please believe her.” Jim is right, Siino office less than a week, and a lot of journalists flock to, Sinno said : “Here is a very exciting story, 22-year-old weaving American dream, the billionaire fresh start Internet and other high-tech “, Marc became media stars, but he liked it, But he knows that it is equivalent to free advertising.
July 1994 Fortune Magazine as the company was 25 coolest companies, High companies to find qualified personnel to excellent publicity.

Concerts

Jim Barksdale identify the company, he served as McCaw Cellular Communications Inc., McCaw and AT & T are discussing a merger, before he was FedEx CIO and COO, by Time magazine as “America’s most wealthy can be one of the CEO” Microsoft is also trying to hire him as CEO. Clark, a close friend of Doerr time of great help, he is the most powerful venture capitalists, be considered and may influence comparable to Bill Gates, invested more than 200 companies, including Sun, Compaq, Intuit, the annual total income over 44 billion U.S. dollars. Doree and Clark Barkssdale to persuade, he agreed to consider after the completion of the merger.
Mosaic engineers working feverishly day and night, Mac, PC, all Unix platform browser development at the same time, Marc is responsible for product design, But more importantly as a vice president of technology companies to consider development strategy, visiting customers looking for senior management talent. Marc Pai’s agenda was very full, Bill Foss?? remember : “Marc than anyone the time to stay longer, he likes work very hard, even if all asleep, He also read where his office is all, of Gates, on whatever he wanted to know, He wanted to know how to be great entrepreneurs. “The Department of companies have begun operation, the company changed its name to Netscape, the browser called Navigator. summer More and more senior personnel to join, including eight vice presidents and a CEO, which Oracle vice president of technology, responsible for the company’s business software sector. Company formed a strong management team.


“- Without charge”, capture the market

New browser development near the end, the pricing is very complex, Marc said : “The most crucial so that Navigator browser can be seen everywhere, This company is the only way to take off because it will have a broader platform This is Microsoft’s successful experience with platforms, and we will have a lot of choices, there are many ways to make a profit. market share will bring future benefits. If we do not capture the market. there can be no future profits. “autumn of 1994, Marc firmly believe that the WWW is the same as the PC as a platform. “The market will be the only one victor. To be a winner only made as Microsoft personal computer operating system platforms just as swift browser platform. “Browser free or partially free consensus of the company. Marc proposed the “tax without charges,” the strategy for the students and teachers free market pricing of 39 U.S. dollars. However, people can download a free software “Beta” or is also developing a new version, actually want to free people can be.
October 13, Navagator a test version of its preparations for the online publication, Programmer prepared a beer and Pisa, focused on the screen waiting for, a link from Japan, less than an hour of downloading the thousands of copies. The new Navigator browser ten times faster than Mosaic, and added many new features, also provides SSL security protocol, the use of the Internet Key algorithm ensures data security, This commercial data confidentiality essential. NCSA’s main authorized Spyglass companies to Microsoft, IBM, DEC issued a license code, and Microsoft tried to Netsacpe cooperation But Microsoft is only a very low price, Clark refused. He jokingly said, “If asked for a billion dollars plus, but can be agreed,” Looking back now, The price is too cheap.
Netscape now has 120 employees, Clark and Doerr initial investment of 13 million U.S. dollars only one million U.S. dollars. Clark also cast a
12 million U.S. dollars, this is his last the rest.


WWW network, all-encompassing

After Christmas, Jim Barksdale finally joined Netscape, his choice is nothing wrong with that. WWW network have developed rapidly, growing network users, commercial site development soon. WWW network of powerful ability to attract users of the service companies and information providers, Some companies not only in providing online information, but also provide customer service and sales agents, and other services. If FedEx Federal Express has established a site, Users of the site can be delivered wrapped in the inquiry every step of the process. Users traditional phone inquiries, service personnel database inquiries before answering, WWW network do not need too many of the artificial, low cost, as the history of the development of the telephone, no longer required operators to enable users to operate their own.

1995 WWW network with more surprising development, the original online content is basically static, voice and images by taking up too much space, not wider, it is developing a new technology to provide a more rich media. SGI in April issued a Web Space, can show three-dimensional scenes Progress Network to support the development of the Internet in Real Audio Broadcasting technology, make Internet voice transmission needs only a few seconds, not long download. May Sun announced Java, Java is a cross-platform development language, Whether the computer is the Mac or PC, can run Java procedures, greatly promoted the development of the Intenet. WWW Internet content has been exhaustive, but they all require access to the browser. Browser has truly become the new platform. Navigator added two new edition of the most critical functions, first, supporting the Java language, Second is to provide plug-in application interface (plug-in), other companies can develop procedures to expand the Navigator function, The first plug-in support Navagator show three-dimensional model, Plugin greatly enriched the Navagator function.


The successful listing of victory in battles

1995 Navagator 2.0 release, Netsapce already have several hundred employees, more than 10 million users, and the rapid growth in the product line. including Proxy Proxy Server, Web development tools have commercial applications I-Apps support network in the sales of products or services. 95 Netscape annual income reached alarming 80 million U.S. dollars, is the history of the fastest growing software companies. Revenue principally from the non-free browser sales. The server-software sales increased rapidly.

Listed companies are starting to prepare, August 9, 1995. Netscape in the New York stock market opened, to 28.5 yuan, staff from the opening 6:30 on the morning of wait and see, until 8 o’clock, and tens of thousands of transactions is not a Netsacpe. Nobody knows how this thing is finally the first T Price, 71 dollars! Finally closing price of 58.5 U.S. dollars. Netspace dramatic listed Internet to the development of a great stimulus, the Wall Street commented : “General Dynamics Corporation spent 43 hours to reach 2.7 billion market value Netscape only took a minute. “This group of young NCSA they did not believe they had become millionaires , Marc has become the United States, one of the richest, on the listing day : “the day before I work very late, sleep only to get up 11 points, opened a computer check stock prices, and … oh, and then go back to sleep again. ”

Sudden change in the situation, crises

Netspace listed soon Microsoft has released a people long-awaited new operating system Windows 95. also a WWW Internet Web browser Explore 1.0.IE is made from NCSA license, function very poor, and does not support Java, do not support plug-ins, speed will be very slow. But he is one of the most horrible characteristics : it is completely free. Windows 95 users can be completely free browser, Netscape not only better than IE, much more must be excellent, but always good to win users. Bill Gates on IE’s news conference, The rise of the Internet known as the “IBM PC production since the 10 most important development. ”
Nevertheless, the market still Netsacpe achieved good results. Companies to expand business and product lines, the development of a new commercial network software, Commercial systems used to generate WWW Internet directory, the most successful application of the online bookstore Amazon, it is using the Internet to create an unlimited space may be the world’s largest bookstore, in 1996, there were 1.1 million, In fact the company basically no inventory, which made it possible to lower the sales price of books. Web publishing is a very good application, the fall 1995 release of the Netscape Web publishing system year alone hundreds of users, including the New York Times, the Los Angeles Times and other precious.
WWW network development has brought about a huge market, which is internal Intranet network. From the outset, the series Netsacpe enterprise application software, Intranet development to the rapid development of Netscape. Microsoft feel pressure even financial analysts, Microsoft’s stock from the recommended list removed, In 1996, Pearl Harbor Day, Microsoft invited nearly 200 reporters and analysts, announced that the company’s Internet strategy : Companies from all directions out to provide a better, faster, free browser, and supports Mac, WIN31, WinNT, NT to provide the internal network server software, free products including Netsacpe main product lines, a ruthless commercial war began.
Marc said : “This is a Bear and crocodile fighting, the deciding factor is the battle sites Now we went to the Microsoft site. “But not so optimistic analysts, Netscape’s stock price plummeted to 28.75 U.S. dollars.


Alliances with each other, the future is uncertain

Netsape taken the first steps is a counterattack to expand cooperation partners, to find allies. And Apple announced shortly, Adoe cooperation to improve Internet font technology, and credit card giant FDC develop online payment systems, Autodesk and cooperation “virtual world works.” The most important is the cooperation and EDI VANs companies giant electronic trading system, WWW network open manner than traditional EDI superb. Through a series of cooperation Netscape to show a separate company to be worth nearly defeated 200 billion U.S. dollars giant Micr osoft.Netscape development of most of the new products are targeted at the corporate intranet, He users list includes Bank of America, The New York Times, Mobil Oil, Mastercard, AT & T, Johnson & Johnson. 96 enterprises in the first half of the success of the internal network to bring Netscape 1.3 billion dollars in revenue, 1995 is the year seven times.

Netcape the most important counter is a new network standard LDAP directory, Netscape’s experience : the development or set standards;
Seek cooperation partners to support standards; Announced standards published specifications of other companies to adopt; Development of standards-based products. In the Internet standards Netscape has accounted for the initiative, LDAP used to manage the internal network users and competence, Netscape collected more than 40 software vendors support the standard, including IBM/Lotus. Novell, Banyan. corporate strategy through the creation of the LDAP in the enterprise internal network standards. But Netscape may not be able to get this, Windows 95 for the PC platform of absolute rule, Microsoft’s Internet sector has more than 2,500-strong team IE 3.0 and the performance has been equally Navagator 3.0, while it still has a fatal features : completely free. Bill Gates stated to the press : “You have to remember one thing. Microsoft software from the Internet do not need to be on any income. “Unfortunately, Netscape needs. The strength between the two sides is too poor.

Revenue Internet software market staff
Microsoft 8.0 billion do not need 20,000 170 billion profit
Netscape 2 billion 300 million 100 all sources of income

Netscape only for a just, In August 1996 the federal government to sue Microsoft to take unfair competition means Microsoft to hardware manufacturers and Internet access to provide three dollars in discounts If they are tied up IE. Compaq also produced 97 such evidence, but the status of the prolonged investigation, IE has 97 in about 35% of the market share, Netscape has had to rely on its own efforts.

Microsoft in August 1997 release of Internet Explore 4.0, IE is not only the browser, as an operating system seemed to add a new part of the Win98, Win98 interface is browser interface. Navagator which claims to have 38 million users, Win95 and only 96 sold 65 million copies. Microsoft on-line services and Internet access to the battlefield has been fruitful, America Online (AOL) announced that their users will use IE, only the day before they claimed that he would use Navagator. Microsoft will return in Win95 placed on the AOL icon, a few days later, CompuServe, AT & T, NETCOM have adopted IE.

Microsoft faced an aggressive offensive, Netscape in 1997, still maintains its strong growth momentum, most of the revenue from the enterprise network.

Microsoft finally ran into trouble in the United States Department of Justice investigation of Microsoft illegal antitrust law, He is an important cooperation partner for Compaq turned around and struck back, presenting Microsoft forced computer installed IE, Navagator removed evidence Columbia magistrates in December 11, 97 convicted of first instance in the Microsoft operating system may not tied up on IE. But this lawsuit will be a marathon, and IBM 1970s similar investigation lasted 10 years. Finally, nothing. But surely that Windows98 will postpone the listing. Whether Microsoft and Netscape final outcome of this war how, old order of the war has ended. Masters of the old time Microsoft has opened the door to a new era.

Looking back all of everything, Eric Bina said : “It is very frightening, We have this group of people inadvertently have created a solidarity with the affected. “If they are interested, there is even more frightening. Tim Berners-Lee, Marc Andressen and Netscape ignited the revolution that is a grand manner. Internet network has been extended to anywhere in the world. will profoundly affect businesses and individuals life.

Others :

Marc was in 1994, Time magazine selected as the 40th anniversary of the computer industry at the most important one of the 50, MicroTimes “Person of the Year” award in 1995 computerworld leadership Marc Outstanding Award by the media as a “new Gates” Gandhi after becoming the second barefoot appeared in Time magazine’s Cover.
Netscape may be acquired, the purchaser may have American Online, SUN, Oracle, and IBM.
Netscape shares by the end of 97 continues to decline, Clark and Barksdale sold stock to minimize losses.

Gates commented browser struggle :

“This one will get will continue, Netscape will unveil new version, I also will unveil new versions. this is a computer software market, a market of healthy competition. our most new version of the web browser. Internet Explorer 4.0 for the very good. measuring it in the commentary won. and win a more market share. ”

Marc readme

“From the beginning, I think the graphical interface is the key, I do not agree with the practice of Tim Berners-Lee, He is looking for a link to the large group of high-energy physics expert, that the graphics are unnecessary and wasteful, I do not think so. We want to improve the accessibility of user information as possible ”

In the winter of 1992-1993, a browsing tools, Eric and I were on the SGI workstation, soon we will have other people had completed the Windows and Mac versions, I will be named the Mosaic project.

The first public beta version in March 1993, when we published with only 12 users, In just a few months alone, nearly 100,000 users, is really unthinkable.

Illinois to the University of the Andes is very strange. They do not like Stanford and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 50 years to support the company’s history. They do not understand encourage venture company will not only bring them fame, will also be a lot of sponsorship. Illinois Andean only to see the federal government funding for research results flow out, they are only against us, Netscape actually sue his Navagator no code from Mosaic.

We are a group of college graduates born at the right time, I go to school from the browser to the biggest gain was occupied share is the most important, you must do our utmost to achieve this, appear next 20 years the whole user interface has to abide by the law.